Water and Sanitation

The vulnerability analysis started on Wednesday, 04th, June 2014 in Bangkok. Prior to the
start, a detailed timeline was worked out for the first project stage. The steps are:
• Field trip to Tha Di River Basin and meeting with Walailak University
• Field trip to Huai Sai Bat River Basin and meeting with Khon Kaen University
• Workshop with all team members in Khon Kaen

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The aim of this study is to compile available data about the basin in order to conduct a comprehensive basin inventory and to provide the information through an online data base (RBIS) accessible to stakeholders. Besides, the study has created packed *.kmz files and uploaded them to Google Earth providing an alternative for analyzing spatial attributes of studied river basins. Information on the climatic conditions – the key driver for natural hazards in the region- is analyzed in detail and, where available, climate change scenarios are described.

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The Nexus approach is to implement a pilot project of vacuum sewerage system, which could alleviate the above problems. The project will introduce state of the art technology, improving municipality-community relationship through community participation and finally reduce wastewater problems. The institutionalization of the Nexus approach locally and nationally will be established along the project implementation.

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The DPI and DoNRE intend to implement a pilot on vacuum sewer collection in An Hai Bac Ward with 110 households to gain concrete experiences on the technology which apparently is apt for waste water collection and treatment in Da Nang because of the high ground water table, narrow walkways/accessibility to connect septic tanks, the pollution of the groundwater and the river with coli bacteria and the unaffordable costs of conventionally separated waste water and drainage water systems to be installed.

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The main source of water supply for Korat City is from Lamtaklong dam. A total of around 450,000 people in the 4 districts and surrounding area of Korat city depend on this water source for livelihood and irrigation. There is water scarcity in the dry season. The raw water is pumped into the city for treatment/purification and distribution, through 60 Kilometres pipeline. Water losses from pipes are about 35-45 %. The Municipality pays roughly Baht 6 million for electricity for water pumping per month (for Lamtaklong and Makhamtao stations alone).

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Naga City, being one of the partner cities of the regional „Integrated Urban Development Project (NEXUS”) financed by BMZ and implemented by GIZ was given advisory service for a low cost housing project in Del Rosario, a district of Naga City. The area comprises 5200 m2 provided by the City Government of Naga. It is an in-fill area where 48 housing units are to be built by Habitat for Humanity, financed by the Home Development Mutual Mortgage Fund for low income dwellers on the basis of a tripartite agreement between Naga City, the Home Development Mutual Mortgage Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Naga City is providing the basic infrastructure (site development) encompassing the construction of roads, surface drainage, water and energy.

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The Regional GIZ Project “The Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities: the Urban Nexus”, financed by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation & Development (BMZ) promotes the practical implementation of planning and management approaches for an integrated urban resource management for the sectors of energy, water and food securty in 10 selected Asian cities of 6 countries in Asia and Pacific region. The Political partner of the Project is UN ESCAP located in Bangkok. ICLEI SEA is the implementation partner.

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This report summarizes the findings of a 14 day mission conducted to Rajkot Municipality, in Gujarat State in the Northwest of India in September/October 2016. The objective of the mis-sion was to assess the options of water demand management, and, to a lesser extent, assess waste water management. The results were presented to the Commissioner of Rajkot and the Chief Engineers on 30th September 2016.

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This report, commissioned by the MRC-GIZ Cooperation Programme, provides a review of available literature related to climate change, hydrological processes, and hydropower development specific to the MRB, as well as other river basins of relevance and applicability to the MRB. We provide an overview of the climate and hydrology of the MRB, and a synthesis of knowledge and uncertainly about the impact of climate change in the region (Chapter 2). We assess the impact of climate change on existing and potential hydropower development in the MRB, and the gaps in knowledge and lessons learned from global studies of the impact of climate change on hydropower production (Chapter 3). We evaluate the role of MRB hydropower development in mitigating climate change impacts, through a reduction in Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions relative to fossil fuel-based energy sources, and the management of reservoirs to reduce the impact of extreme floods and droughts (Chapter 4). We also consider the potential for hydropower development to worsen climate change impacts, through the cumulative effects of river regulation and climate change on the ecological services and livelihoods supported by the Mekong River (Chapter 5). Finally, we provide recommendations for further research, modeling, and monitoring to fill gaps in knowledge of critical importance to political leaders, hydropower developers and operators, the Mekong River Commission, and other stakeholders (Chapter 6).

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Intergovernmental co-operation between countries that share the Mekong River and its tributaries commenced in 1957 when the United Nations founded the Mekong River Committee. The Mekong was then one of the world’s largest unregulated rivers, and the Committee was to capitalise on the river’s economic potential. In 1995 a new Mekong Agreement established the Mekong River Commission (MRC), with a more holistic mandate: ‘to promote and co-ordinate sustainable management and development of water and related resources for the countries’ mutual benefit and the people’s well-being by implementing strategic programmes and activities and providing scientific information and policy advice’. The 1995 Mekong Agreement also placed the MRC under the direct responsibility of its four member states: Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The MRC also engages with two important upstream partners,, China and Myanmar, on its shared water courses.

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